How to perform vulnerability scanning

· Category: Cybersecurity

Short answer

Vulnerability scanning uses automated tools to detect known security weaknesses in systems, applications, and network devices.

Steps

  1. Select tools: Choose scanners like Nessus, OpenVAS, Qualys, or cloud-native solutions.

  2. Define scope: Identify IP ranges, domains, and credential requirements.

  3. Configure scans: Set scan depth, timing, and authentication. Schedule during maintenance windows if intrusive.

  4. Run authenticated scans: Provide credentials for deeper inspection of patch levels and configurations.

  5. Analyze results: Triage findings by severity, exploitability, and asset criticality.

  6. Remediate: Apply patches, change configurations, or implement workarounds.

  7. Rescan: Verify that fixes resolved the vulnerabilities without introducing new issues.

  8. Report: Document trends, SLA adherence, and residual risk for leadership.

Tips

  • Combine network scanning with agent-based assessment for comprehensive coverage.
  • Integrate scan results into ticketing systems for tracking.
  • Do not rely solely on scanning; add penetration testing for deeper analysis.

Common issues

  • Scanning production systems causing performance degradation.
  • False positives wasting remediation resources.
  • Unauthenticated scans missing critical internal weaknesses.